Hypertension

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to reduce blood pressure so that you have a lower risk of complications.

There are many different medicines that can be used to treat high blood pressure, including:

* Alpha blockers
* Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
* Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
* Beta-blockers
* Calcium channel blockers
* Central alpha agonists
* Diuretics
* Renin inhibitors, including aliskiren (Tekturna)
* Vasodilators

Your doctor may also tell you to exercise, lose weight, and follow a healthier diet. If you have pre-hypertension, your doctor will recommend the same lifestyle changes to bring your blood pressure down to a normal range.

Often, a single blood pressure drug may not be enough to control your blood pressure, and you may need to take two or more drugs. It is very important that you take the medications prescribed to you. If you have side effects, your health care provider can substitute a different medication.
Outlook (Prognosis)

Most of the time, high blood pressure can be controlled with medicine and lifestyle changes.
Possible Complications

* Aortic dissection
* Blood vessel damage (arteriosclerosis)
* Brain damage
* Congestive heart failure
* Kidney damage
* Kidney failure
* Heart attack
* Hypertensive heart disease
* Stroke
* Vision loss

When to Contact a Medical Professional

If you have high blood pressure, you will have regularly scheduled appointments with your doctor.

Even if you have not been diagnosed with high blood pressure, it is important to have your blood pressure checked during your yearly check-up, especially if someone in your family has or had high blood pressure.

Call your health care provider right away if home monitoring shows that your blood pressure remains high or you have any of the following symptoms:

* Chest pain
* Confusion
* Excessive tiredness
* Nausea and vomiting
* Severe headache
* Shortness of breath
* Significant sweating
* Vision changes

Prevention

Adults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked routinely.

Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure:

* Lose weight if you are overweight. Excess weight adds to strain on the heart. In some cases, weight loss may be the only treatment needed.
* Exercise regularly. If possible, exercise for 30 minutes on most days.
* Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products while reducing total and saturated fat intake (the DASH diet is one way of achieving this kind of dietary plan). (See: Heart disease and diet)
* Avoid smoking. (See: Nicotine withdrawal)
* If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar under control.
* Do not consume more than 1 or 2 alcoholic drinks per day.
* Try to manage your stress.

Follow your health care provider's recommendations to modify, treat, or control possible causes of secondary hypertension.
Alternative Names

High blood pressure; HBP; Blood pressure - high
References

Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). Rockville, Md. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US Department of Health and Human Services; August 2004. National Institutes of Health Publication No. 04-5230.

Kaplan NM. Systemic Hypertension: Therapy. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 41.

Wolff T, Miller T. Evidence for the reaffirmation of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation on screening for high blood pressure. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:787-791.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000468.htm